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A pin-up girl, also known as a pin-up model, is a model whose mass-produced pictures see wide appeal as popular culture. Pin-ups are intended for informal display, e.g. meant to be "pinned-up" on a wall. Pin-up girls may be glamour models, fashion models, or actresses.
The term pin-up may also refer to drawings, paintings, and other illustrations done in emulation of these photos (see the list of pin-up artists). The term was first attested to in English in 1941;[1] however, the practice is documented back at least to the 1890s.
The pin-up images could be cut out of magazines or newspapers, or be from postcard or chromo-lithographs, and so on. Such photos often appear on calendars, which are meant to be pinned up anyway. Later, posters of pin-up girls were mass-produced and became an instant hit.

Contents


1 Overview
2 Feminism and the pin-up
3 Notable pin-up girls
4 Other kinds of pin-ups
5 See also
6 References
7 External links

Overview
In the late nineteenth century, burlesque performers and actresses used photographic advertisement as business cards to promote themselves.[2] These adverts and business cards could often been found in almost every green room, pinned-up or stuck into “frames of the looking-glasses, in the joints of the gas-burners, and sometimes lying on-top of the sacred cast-case itself.”[2] Understanding the power of photographic advertisements to promote their shows, burlesque women self-constructed their identity to make themselves visible. Being recognized not only within the theater itself but also outside challenged the conventions of women’s place and women’s potential in the public sphere.[3] “To understand both the complicated identity and the subversive nature of the nineteenth-century actress, one must also understand that the era’s views on women’s potential were inextricably tied to their sexuality, which in turn was tied to their level of visibility in the public sphere: regardless of race, class or background, it was generally assumed that the more public the woman, the more “public,” or available, her sexuality", according to historian Maria Elena Buszek.[4] Being sexually fantasized, famous actresses in early 20th century film were both drawn and photographed and put on posters to be sold for personal entertainment.[5] Among the celebrities who were considered sex symbols, one of the most popular early pin-up girls was Betty Grable, whose poster was ubiquitous in the lockers of G.I.s during World War II.
Other pin-ups were artwork depicting idealized versions of what some thought a particularly beautiful or attractive woman should look like. An early example of the latter type was the Gibson girl, a representation of the New Woman drawn by Charles Dana Gibson. “Because the New Woman was symbolic of her new ideas about her sex, it was inevitable that she would also come to symbolize new ideas about sexuality.”[6] Unlike the photographed actresses and dancers generations earlier, fantasy gave artists the freedom to draw women in many different ways.[7] The 1932 Esquire ‘men’s’ magazine featured many drawings and “girlie” cartoons but most was most famous for their Varga girls. Prior to WWII they were praised for their beauty and less focus was on their sexuality. However, during the war the drawings transformed into women playing dress-up in military drag and drawn in seductive manners, like that of a child playing with a doll.[8] The Varga girls became so popular that from 1942-1946, due to a high volume of military demand, “9 million copies of the magazine-without adverts and free of charge was sent to American troops stationed overseas and in domestic bases.”[9] The Varga Girls were adapted as nose art of the WWII bombers; seen not as prostitutes but as patriots for good luck.[10]
Among the other well-known artists specializing in the field were Earle K. Bergey, Enoch Bolles, Gil Elvgren, George Petty, Rolf Armstrong and Art Frahm. Notable contemporary pin-up artists include Elias Chatzoudis, Armando Huerta, and Chuck Bauman. Another is popular pin-up artist Olivia De Berardinis who is most famous for her pin-up art of Bettie Page and her pieces in Playboy.
Feminism and the pin-up
"As sexual images of women multiplied in the popular culture, women participated actively in constructing arguments to endorse as well as protest them."[11]
As early as 1869, women have been supporters and protestors of the pin-up. Women supporters of early pin-up content considered these to be a “positive post-Victorian rejection of bodily shame and a healthy respect for female beauty.”[12] On the contrary, women protesters argued that these images were corrupting societal morality and saw these public sexual displays of women as lowering the standards of womanhood, destroying their dignity and harmful to both women and young adolescents.[12]
In the early 20th century, these drawings of women helped define certain body images—such as being clean, being healthy, and being wholesome—and were enjoyed by both "normal" men and women; but as time progressed these images changed from respectable to illicit.[13]
Notable pin-up girls




1920s

Vilma Bánky
Clara Bow
Louise Brooks
Camille Clifford
Betty Compson
Bebe Daniels
Billie Dove
Bessie Love
Barbara La Marr
Colleen Moore
Mae Murray
Nita Naldi
Pola Negri
Anita Page
Gloria Swanson
Lilyan Tashman
Alice White

1930s

Joan Blondell
Virginia Bruce
Joan Crawford
Marlene Dietrich
Dolores del Río
Jean Harlow
Gypsy Rose Lee
Carole Lombard
Myrna Loy
Sally Rand
Ginger Rogers
Barbara Stanwyck
Thelma Todd
Lupe Vélez
Mae West
Toby Wing



1940s

Lauren Bacall
Vivian Blaine
Linda Darnell
Bette Davis
Yvonne De Carlo
Lisa Fonssagrives
Ava Gardner
Judy Garland
Betty Grable
Kathryn Grayson
Jane Greer
Anne Gwynne
Susan Hayward
Rita Hayworth
June Haver
Lena Horne
Candy Jones
Veronica Lake
Hedy Lamarr
Dorothy Lamour
Carole Landis
Marilyn Maxwell
Marie McDonald
Ann Miller
Carmen Miranda
Maria Montez
Gloria Nord
Frances Rafferty
Ella Raines
Jane Russell
Olga San Juan
Ann Savage
Ann Sheridan
Gene Tierney
Lana Turner
Esther Williams
Marie Wilson
Shelley Winters




1950s

Carroll Baker
Brigitte Bardot
Candy Barr
Virginia Bell
Betty Brosmer
Jeanne Carmen
Mara Corday
Hazel Court
Dagmar
Dorothy Dandridge
Faith Domergue
Diana Dors
Anita Ekberg
Gloria Grahame
Myrna Hansen
Allison Hayes
Eartha Kitt
Joi Lansing
Jennie Lee
Gina Lollobrigida
Sophia Loren
Jayne Mansfield
Irish McCalla
Marilyn Monroe
Cleo Moore
Barbara Nichols
Sheree North
Kim Novak
Maila Nurmi
Bettie Page
Barbara Payton
Sabrina
Gia Scala
Lili St. Cyr
Tempest Storm
Elizabeth Taylor
Märta Torén
Mamie Van Doren



1960s

Pattie Boyd
Ursula Andress
Claudia Cardinale
Donna Douglas
Barbara Eden
Pamela Green
Tina Louise
Ann-Margret
Margaret Nolan
June Palmer
Pamela Tiffin
Twiggy
Raquel Welch
Dawn Wells
June Wilkinson
Sue Lyon


1970s

Loni Anderson
Catherine Bach
Adrienne Barbeau
Barbi Benton
Jacqueline Bisset
Bo Derek
Farrah Fawcett
Cheryl Ladd
Peggy Lipton
Julie Newmar
Jaclyn Smith
Suzanne Somers
Cheryl Tiegs
Debbie Harry
Liza Minnelli
Brigitte Bardot
Gwen Welles



1980s

Christie Brinkley
Gia Carangi
Samantha Fox
Monique Gabrielle
Tawny Kitaen
Kelly LeBrock
Heather Locklear
Linnea Quigley
Tanya Roberts
Mandy Smith
Heather Thomas
Joan Jett
Madonna
Pat Benatar
Kim Basinger
Olivia Newton-John


1990s

Dita Von Teese
Anna Nicole Smith
Angelina Jolie
Pamela Anderson
Cindy Crawford
Jenny McCarthy
Claudia Schiffer
Nicole Kidman


2000s

Krysten Ritter
Bernie Dexter
Sabina Kelley
Heidi Van Horne
Holly Madison
Audrey Tautou

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